With the rapid economic development , college students from poor families to educate attracted nationwide attention , in order to adapt to the new situation, the quality of talent requirements , adhere to the people-oriented, promote family economic pour difficult student self-education, self-management , self-service ( referred to "i self " ) education has a very important practical significance.
随着经济的迅速进展，高校家子经济艰难学生的教育引动全社会形态高度看得起，为适合新势头下对人材素质能力的要求，坚决保持以人为本，增进家子经济斟难学生自我教育、自我管理、自我服务(略称“i自”)教育具备非常关紧的意义。
One of the problem
1.1 " Three-Self " Education is the education of students from economically disadvantaged families work of the internal demand Task Force under this chapter subject, designed a " self-development students from economically disadvantaged families questionnaire " , the questionnaire includes basic information, subjective understanding , recipients awareness , physical and mental development in four areas . Distributed to school 140 students from economically disadvantaged families , recycling 138 , the effective rate of 98.6% . Results are as follows :三自”教育是家子经济艰难学生教育办公的外在需要课题组依据本章主旨，专门预设了一份“家子经济艰难学生自身进展调调查询问卷”，问卷涵盖基能耐情状况、主观意识、受助意识、身体和精神进展四个方面。
1.1.1 Self cognitive bias .
In the " What is your greatest frustration " question , there are 65 people fill out the " academic difficulties " , accounting for 48% ; 50 people fill out the " economic hardship" , accounting for 36% ; 15 people fill out the " competition for jobs is fierce ," accounted for 10 % . In the " If you can change yourself, would you most like to change what " question , 82 people fill out the "birth" , accounting for 59% ; 38 people fill out the " appearance" , accounting for 27% ; only 18 people fill out the " knowledge" and " character . "
In the entrance of students from poor families to win , only to realize their own value achievement seen as the sole criterion , thus seriously study from morning to night , but talented universities , their performance is difficult to excel , becomes academic difficulties their biggest frustration . Education at the same time as the environment, artistic and other aspects and other students there is a gap , a far cry from the ideal state with the heart , resulting in self-awareness on the bias .
1.1.2 The relative lack of skills, expertise .
In the " Have you ever served as student leaders ( class above ) " The problem , only 30 people fill in the " yes", accounted for 2l%, far below the 30% proportion of student leaders . "Do you think the best way is to subsidize what" question , 57 people fill out the " Qin Ding student" , accounting 4l%, 53 people filled the National Student Loan ; in the " Have you ever attended school English courses , PubMed counseling Ban "The problem is only 21 people fill in the" yes ", 15% ; research group specialized statistical school graduates in 2009 the number of applicants PubMed remedial classes , a total of 360 people, including 45 students from poor families , accounting for 12% of the number of applicants , less than 20% of students from economically disadvantaged families proportion . Students with financial difficulties due to the economic and time tensions led to its lack of expertise to participate in social practice and extra-curricular skills training , thus affecting employment .
1.1.3 withstand greater stress.
In the " Do you have the courage to admit in front of hundreds of students were born poor ," the problem , 105 answered " no" , 76% , only 24% of people have the courage to admit . In the " you have not taken the initiative with students around exchanges and expand their interpersonal circle, make himself like them happy learning and life " issue , there are 42 people that " have ideas but no action" , 21 people think " there are also ideas action " , 53 people chose " do not know ", lO people fill out the" have had but excluded ", 12 people chose " unclear . " In "Do you think the situation is an infringement of the subsidized published your privacy " issue , there are 54 people fill out the " do not think , but should not be released ," 43 people fill out the " do not think , can be released ," 41 people fill out the " hard to say . " Students from poor families and families compared to the more affluent classmates . They will produce inferiority blind comparisons , and low self-esteem will lead to white light, and self-denial attitude will produce severe depression . In the process of interaction with the students , they have a strong desire for integration into the community , but the righteous fear of interacting with people , will make it difficult weeks to get along with classmates , interpersonal difficulties of students from economically disadvantaged families is easy to make into a lonely position.
1.2 from an ethical perspective, poor students education is facing new challenges
1.2.1 The social problems of poor students integrity questioned.
National student loan based on national , banks, schools for students sense of integrity is highly recognized as a prerequisite for subsidized credit , but in recent years , but the loss of students from economically disadvantaged individual sense of integrity , malicious delinquent loans and interest , a serious impact on student Loan Ding made smoothly. With the increasing number of student loans student loan default rates are rising, according to People's Bank of China official said , as of December 2005 , China's student loan default rate up to 28.4% for all types of loans in the first . Another individual poor students in order to get more economic assistance , deliberately exaggerated the economic difficulties , issuing false certificates , win social sympathy , deception school , to get funding after luxury consumption , extremely bad conduct , serious lack of moral integrity .
1.2.2 Thanksgiving consciousness, so that some funders chilling.
When the country's first " recipients not thanksgiving" after hearing the case in Chongqing , students from economically disadvantaged families Thanksgiving consciousness phenomena cause for concern. Fu-Hua Li Chongqing people wishing to own funded Software Engineering , Peking University School of Software Master ten sections of a report . Bu court, asking to recover through its funding more than 40,000 yuan tuition fees. Reason is that a certain segment during the study failed to complete their studies, only completing 12 years in a course . Leaving Fu-Hua Li is difficult to accept that a certain segment with him and schools have lost contact. In 2006 the media reported the singer Cong Fei exhausted all their savings funded hundreds of poor school Chad deeds . And in its suffering from severe died on the occasion , but only a few students came to visit the recipients , recipients of student apathy makes funders feel scared .
1.2.3 social responsibility awareness needs to be improved.
Contributions to school is the obligation of every college student , "Do not let a student out of school because of family financial difficulties " is the call of the country , but some students from poor families as an excuse , willfully default tuition, the tuition fees to the school resolved, and many colleges and universities to students from poor families are having a lot of calls tuition public pressure , implementation difficulties . Some poor students and even poverty as an excuse to fight for the funding , the author encountered such a student work : holding a poverty proof. To the counselor office, confidently said, "I have this poverty, hardship assistance how this without me , and now constantly urging me to pay tuition ? " These actions reflect the portion of students from poor families self-reliance, self-reliance spirit lacking , they used social , the school's various funding exist " and so on, rely on, to " thinking , lack of social responsibility .
Two students from economically disadvantaged families , " Three-Self " the significance of education
2.1 Students " Three-Self " relationship education training goals of higher education reform to strengthen and improve ideological and political education facsimile principles is :
"Adhere to the combination of education and self-education . Necessary to give full play to the school teachers, education and guidance role of party organizations , but also to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of students and guide them to self-education, self-management , self-service ." Mouth . Therefore, the college students to carry out extensive " Three-Self " education , has very important significance. Improve overall quality of students , in addition to classroom learning on the expertise , but also requires a lot of rich Extracurricular Activities , and " Three-Self " Education is the implementation of quality education in an effective way.
2.2 " Three-Self " education under the new situation to adapt to students from economically disadvantaged families funded work requirements and educating people to put their poor students as management, education, service targets , in accordance with the needs of society and its development , to play the main initiative through independent , conscious , own, self-discipline , knowledge , improve skills, develop the overall quality of education management activities. p ¨ Three-Self "education is to improve the management mechanism of students from poor families an important way , as the school enrollment continues to expand, rely on traditional passive management through teacher and counselor education model is difficult to adapt to the needs of society , we must give full play to the family economy difficult student body consciousness , so that they in education, management and service Tunisia m subjective initiative . " white " education can maintain the health of students from economically disadvantaged families to work in exercise ability , strengthen their will , improve quality, and promote all-round development .
Three students from economically disadvantaged families , " Three-Self " education implemented
3.1 The ideal and belief education as the core, to create a " three-self " strongly oriented education for students from poor families in education , you can not carry any bias , according to their characteristics, respect for their personality , H ¨ poverty first Rotary Chi " continue to guide students to adjust their mentality . First, you want to make changes in understanding, no longer as a stigma of poverty and barriers ; two reasons for poverty is not to evade the normal interpersonal and group activities ; Third, we should actively participate in work-study aid science and social practice, not to passively accept donations, turn pressure into motivation .
Whether social or school , should step up publicity efforts to the " self-Star " rating as a platform, selection of outstanding students from poor families representatives, establish a typical well in school and society to form public opinion . News media should also poor students for outstanding deeds of tracking reports , create a " grown up poor excellent students more glorious " atmosphere, students from poor families to encourage healthy and positive attitude to face the challenges of life .
3.2 Student Societies to assist planted white body , build , " Three-Self " education effective platform for students from economically disadvantaged families should be based on self-help associations students from poor families as the main body , through a series of colorful activities , from economically disadvantaged families learn to improve cattle self-help skills. Self-help schools and communities through the good society of students from economically disadvantaged families contact bridge. Enhance communication between the phase watt , students from economically disadvantaged families maintain the legitimate rights and interests , to carry out a healthy and progressive extracurricular activities, improve the overall quality of students from economically disadvantaged families . Funded organizations not only to solve economic difficulties the problem, but the ability to solve the difficult problem of Lanna ; not only for students from poor families to obtain funding , but also to let students from poor families know how to Thanksgiving . Establishment of a " white students from poor families to help association" , one can promote mutual communication and exchange , students from economically disadvantaged families enhance self-confidence and communication skills ; hand can guide students in action Lieutenant sense of gratitude , personal feelings and rewards social combination which students Thanksgiving thought.
3.3 to work-study oriented. Students from poor families to improve self-management skills Currently, most colleges and universities have established "award, loan, assistance , fill, cut" funding system , including ground t student funding and educating people most obvious. By Qin T student can build confidence , so overcome psychological dependence develop autonomous , self- awareness, to realize their own value and enhance organizational discipline , the collective sense of honor and life . b1 universities should actively expand work-study jobs in the labor -type positions , based on the strong open technical and creative jobs, improve their professional level and overall quality.
3.4 emphasis on students 'mental health problems , and improve mental health service system in colleges and universities should establish poverty mentality " double trapped students ' files , to master the dynamic information , lay a solid foundation for the small . In doing counseling Ding as in, do individual counseling and group counseling combined seek consultation and take the initiative to invite waiting combine to help guide combined with the elimination of symptoms to help poor students out of the psychological dilemma, cultivate a positive attitude towards life , good students from economically disadvantaged families psychological crisis early warning and timely intervention . Colleges and universities to strengthen the mental health education team building to strengthen the training of counselors to improve the professional skills of educators . Mental health education needs professional team , employees must have a high professional level, to ensure smooth operations . Colleges and universities to set up special funds to provide a venue security, the mental health system and education into student work teaching system.
4 implementation process should follow the principle of
4.1 adhere to openness and the principle of combining protection from economically disadvantaged families learn to adhere to the work to identify cattle "fair, just and open " principle. First by the class teacher counselors thoroughly, followed by the student council , the last to be published within a certain range . However, given that some students' psychological pressure, the published list will increase their inferiority and anxiety , colleges and universities should not be too strengthen their " students from poor families " status, try not to open the specific circumstances of students from economically disadvantaged families , by holding moderately appropriate grants distribution ceremony , to avoid making them feel psychological pressure.
4.2 adhere to openness and feedback to emphasize the principle of combining students from poor families self-education, self-management and self-service , it is not too dead tube , the tube too strict and should respect their democratic rights and interests , give full play to their the initiative and enthusiasm , and righteousness to prevent liberalization tendencies, strengthen effective feedback mechanisms to correct unreasonable " : make way, in the material things but also good communication with the school and consultation .
4.3 Rewards and adhere to the principle of combining punishment reasonable reward and punishment system is to motivate students from economically disadvantaged families thinking healthy development. For outstanding student or student cadres according to the actual situation given the necessary incentives. For non-standard behavior , learning attitude is not correct , do not save lives depending on the seriousness of the students to be administrative penalties or cancellation of eligibility and so on.