Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
E-commerce may be the sale or purchase of goods or services to proceed from computer networks in special ways for some reason to get or put in applications. Although the goods or department's request electronically, the final payment and delivery of goods or services，so that e-commerce have different definitions' the basic definition is e-commerce when consumer use internet to buy services or goods, in addition to the advantages of using e-commerce and disadvantage for both organizations and the community and the consumer and was one of the most important advantages they help to increase the volume of exchanges, international business and promotes international relations between countries, and there are many kinds of commerce, but the most common is the product to the consumer.(b2c) and (b2b) a lot of project used e-commerce are from these two types.
1.1 Background
E-commerce may be the sale or purchase of goods or services to proceed from computer networks in special ways for some reason to get or put in applications. Although the goods or department's request electronically, the final payment and delivery of goods or services，so that e-commerce have different definitions' the basic definition is e-commerce when consumer use internet to buy services or goods, in addition to the advantages of using e-commerce and disadvantage for both organizations and the community and the consumer and was one of the most important advantages they help to increase the volume of exchanges, international business and promotes international relations between countries, and there are many kinds of commerce, but the most common is the product to the consumer.(b2c) and (b2b) a lot of project used e-commerce are from these two types.
Connotation of e-commerce E-Commerce means under internet environment, the buyer and the seller can trade via Internet browser, or consumers purchase online and merchants achieve online transaction and e-payment. E-commerce appeared in 1990s. The concept of e-commerce was proposed by IBM Corporation. Later, UN and national governments have different understandings of e-commerce. In a broad sense, e-commerce implements various activities with the help of electronic technology. Both selling and procurement plan are conducted by e-commerce. Meanwhile, international trade not just increases business opportunities, but also reduces the cost through the application of e-commerce. Usually, e-commerce has the following features: firstly, high execution efficiency. E-commerce mainly adopts electrommunication means. Under the conditions of mathematicization and electronization, the links of information transmission are fewer, and the efficiency is high. In particular, the application of block-switch technology can greatly improve information transmission rate of e-commerce activities and reduce cost. Secondly, networked and convenient delivery. With e-commerce development, the buyer and the seller can achieve settlement via Internet and complete trade with the help of e-payment, e-bank and other financial means. Thirdly, openness and globalization. With global development of economy and trade, more opportunities are brought for enterprises. In economy and trade development process, e-commerce offers more channels for development of trade activities because of its openness and globalization features.
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1.2 Statement of the Problem
E-commerce exchange way to do business in many companies through the Internet, and the concepts of trade all over the world and led to the expansion of trade volume. In developing countries, the issue of mutation occurred in a number of e-commerce users in these countries, both from the local or global positioning of other countries, which led to the expansion of the volume of trade exchange and international trade between the two countries.
However, the practice of e-commerce in developing countries face many barriers, including:
Inadequate infrastructure plays a central role in the inhibiting e-commerce worldwide. Issues such as access to Internet services, including hardware and software, as well as infrastructure and telecommunications, remain serious obstacles to e-commerce in many developing countries.
For example, in many African countries, and the development of infrastructure in very, very bad, it is likely to take years for the average citizen to take advantage of e-commerce. In Asia, there is no such disparity in the infrastructure that the spread of personal computers from only rates range from 20 in 1000 in Thailand, 43 in Malaysia to more than 500 in Singapore, and the cost of being connected, usually through the phone lines, is Last aspects along with the infrastructure.
Economically and political issues are affecting the e-commerce as much of the world, the consumer still pays in cash, rather than credit. Lack of ability or interest to carry out a credit transaction is a tremendous obstacle to e-commerce.
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 Reviewing the Mechanism of cross border ecommerce
A lot of research has studied the mechanism of E-Commerce in international trade . For example, at 2001, Cairncross start to study whether E-Commerce lived up to there are no distance. Cowgill and Dorobantu investigated the influence of cross-border e-commerce for international trade, with domestic trade data and international trade data collected from Google AdWords.
They found the growth of cross-border e-commerce, reduce the distance related of trade cost by approximately two-thirds. As also, Gomez et al. used the data from the EU member countries and found that B2C cross-border e-commerce contributed to reduce the geographical distance of the trade cost by one and third. Last studies have shown the cross-border e-commerce shorting trade distance and improve the easy trade.
While a lot of studies as example ( Gomez et al.) find the language barriers doubled the trade cost associated, because cross-border e-commerce have same infrastructure at the offline transactions.
Lendle and Duch-Brown calculate the consumer welfare from an across-boarder reduction in offline trade costs to the same level in E-Commerce at a whopping 29 percent on average. But Duch-Brown calculate it from lower price in cross-border trade. when the consumers are exposed to high risk in shopping online, as security transaction and logistics safety, they are likely to reduce consumer welfare.
Another study by Alaveras .① use the European Union data related the geographical distance between two countries was still a very significant factor influencing consumers in cross-border e-commerce platforms.
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2.2 Reviewing of e-commerce influence on international trade
It is responsible for the collection of information, especially when it comes to getting information across national borders. In fact, these costs can be so high that can a handicap is considered. the business before.
Will Finding the right suppliers, and determine the requirements of product, quality, price negotiation, order delivery and marketing of products is also very expensive. With the Internet, apply with electronic commerce and a whole host of activities can occur in the absence of a buyer and seller in close physical proximity.
The electronic use means, the Internet can make business easier, faster, and much cheaper. In this regard, it is likely that the Internet promotes the trade in the same way. Have other trade barriers. As a result, it is likely that increased international trade.
Internet especial when it was regulates through electronic markets through e-commerce applications, reduce the cost of information conformity and offer consumers and sellers interact. electronically which reduces the importance of geographical proximity and the traditional business networks. ② Evidence has been found to develop global markets makes the website links al History is less important, and indicate that the countries with the lowest trade links in the past.
With the increase in Internet technology, e-commerce has developed rapidly in the process of economic globalization and information. Electronic commerce has brought opportunities and challenges to come Seminar on international trade. Hehuan (2014) believed that the impact of Electronic Commerce on international trade are: (1) improvement of the efficiency of international commercial transactions and simplifying the international trade.
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Chapter 3 theoretical frame work ...................................... 20..........................
1.2 Statement of the Problem
E-commerce exchange way to do business in many companies through the Internet, and the concepts of trade all over the world and led to the expansion of trade volume. In developing countries, the issue of mutation occurred in a number of e-commerce users in these countries, both from the local or global positioning of other countries, which led to the expansion of the volume of trade exchange and international trade between the two countries.
However, the practice of e-commerce in developing countries face many barriers, including:
Inadequate infrastructure plays a central role in the inhibiting e-commerce worldwide. Issues such as access to Internet services, including hardware and software, as well as infrastructure and telecommunications, remain serious obstacles to e-commerce in many developing countries.
For example, in many African countries, and the development of infrastructure in very, very bad, it is likely to take years for the average citizen to take advantage of e-commerce. In Asia, there is no such disparity in the infrastructure that the spread of personal computers from only rates range from 20 in 1000 in Thailand, 43 in Malaysia to more than 500 in Singapore, and the cost of being connected, usually through the phone lines, is Last aspects along with the infrastructure.
Economically and political issues are affecting the e-commerce as much of the world, the consumer still pays in cash, rather than credit. Lack of ability or interest to carry out a credit transaction is a tremendous obstacle to e-commerce.
..........................
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 Reviewing the Mechanism of cross border ecommerce
A lot of research has studied the mechanism of E-Commerce in international trade . For example, at 2001, Cairncross start to study whether E-Commerce lived up to there are no distance. Cowgill and Dorobantu investigated the influence of cross-border e-commerce for international trade, with domestic trade data and international trade data collected from Google AdWords.
They found the growth of cross-border e-commerce, reduce the distance related of trade cost by approximately two-thirds. As also, Gomez et al. used the data from the EU member countries and found that B2C cross-border e-commerce contributed to reduce the geographical distance of the trade cost by one and third. Last studies have shown the cross-border e-commerce shorting trade distance and improve the easy trade.
While a lot of studies as example ( Gomez et al.) find the language barriers doubled the trade cost associated, because cross-border e-commerce have same infrastructure at the offline transactions.
Lendle and Duch-Brown calculate the consumer welfare from an across-boarder reduction in offline trade costs to the same level in E-Commerce at a whopping 29 percent on average. But Duch-Brown calculate it from lower price in cross-border trade. when the consumers are exposed to high risk in shopping online, as security transaction and logistics safety, they are likely to reduce consumer welfare.
Another study by Alaveras .① use the European Union data related the geographical distance between two countries was still a very significant factor influencing consumers in cross-border e-commerce platforms.
.............................
2.2 Reviewing of e-commerce influence on international trade
It is responsible for the collection of information, especially when it comes to getting information across national borders. In fact, these costs can be so high that can a handicap is considered. the business before.
Will Finding the right suppliers, and determine the requirements of product, quality, price negotiation, order delivery and marketing of products is also very expensive. With the Internet, apply with electronic commerce and a whole host of activities can occur in the absence of a buyer and seller in close physical proximity.
The electronic use means, the Internet can make business easier, faster, and much cheaper. In this regard, it is likely that the Internet promotes the trade in the same way. Have other trade barriers. As a result, it is likely that increased international trade.
Internet especial when it was regulates through electronic markets through e-commerce applications, reduce the cost of information conformity and offer consumers and sellers interact. electronically which reduces the importance of geographical proximity and the traditional business networks. ② Evidence has been found to develop global markets makes the website links al History is less important, and indicate that the countries with the lowest trade links in the past.
With the increase in Internet technology, e-commerce has developed rapidly in the process of economic globalization and information. Electronic commerce has brought opportunities and challenges to come Seminar on international trade. Hehuan (2014) believed that the impact of Electronic Commerce on international trade are: (1) improvement of the efficiency of international commercial transactions and simplifying the international trade.
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3.1 Theory and Models of E-Commerce .............................. 21
3.2 Innovation of E-Commerce on International trade ............................ 23
3.3 mechanism about influence of e-commerce on international trade ................ 27
Chapter 4 Ecommerce in Developing Countries .............................. 41
4.1 World E-Commerce .................................... 41
4.1.1 Top 10 e-commerce sites in the world: ............................. 42
4.1.2 A comparison of the top ten countries ........................ 45
Chapter 5 Methodology and Result ...................................... 77
5.1 METHODOLOGY ..................................... 78
5.1.1 Research Approach .................................. 78
5.1.2 Research Methods Employed ........................ 78
Chapter 5 Methodology and Result
5.1 METHODOLOGY
5.1.1 Research Approach
Inquire about the philosophy is often the quantity or quality, or to receive a variety of strategies. According to this approach is the road chosen by a specialist to talk about and examine certain information. Determine the best way that depends on the cause of exploration is the study and research to go with his inquiries. Self approach which focuses on the actions and effects that are not measured on the amount, quantity, strength or repeat.
To test speculation, and quantitative investigation of a huge example is essential. In this review, anyway, we have used all of these techniques noted each of these strategies to be more predictable with the motivation behind this review.
5.1.2 Research Methods Employed
This study used the survey methodology to measure the following variables: impact of ( political factor, economic factor, legal factor, technological factor, social factor, environment factor ) in e-commerce.
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Chapter 6 Conclusion and recommendation:
6.1 Conclusion
reference(omitted)