本文是一篇语言学论文，本研究发现，“人与自然生命共同体”由自然内部生命共同体、中国人民与自然生命共同体和世界人民与自然生命共同体三个层次构成。
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Background
The concept of building“A Community of Life for Man and Nature”(CLMN)originates from President Xi Jinping’s thoughts on ecological civilization.In 2017,Xifirst introduced the notion of CLMN at the 19th National Congress of the CommunistParty of China.Xi pointed out that people should pursue the harmonious coexistencewith nature in the speech at the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth(Xi,2018),whichfurther illustrated the premise of building CLMN.And in order to build CLMN,people should take nature and man as a whole.In 2021,Xi emphasized the value anddevotion of building CLMN at the Leaders Summit on Climate,which is not only anorganic expansion,deepening and practice of Xi’s thoughts on ecological civilization,but also a faithful inheritance,sublimation and promotion of the profound Chinesecivilization and excellent traditional culture(Wang,2021).In the Report to the 20thNational Congress of the Communist Party of China,Xi proposed that Chinese path tomodernization entailed the promotion of a harmonious and symbiotic relationshipbetween human and nature.So far,the concept of building CLMN has graduallymoved towards perfection.
Building CLMN is of great significance in the context of the ecologicalenvironment crisis and sustainable development in the new era,which proposes a new way of thinking and solving problems between man and nature in order to promotebetter development of the global world(Geng&Ge,2019).The dialecticalrelationship between man and nature has undergone a development stage,shiftingfrom reverence for nature to the conquest of nature.From world’s historicalbackground,the society experienced primitive civilization and agricultural civilization.After entering industrial civilization,the economy has developed rapidly.Whilecreating huge material wealth,man has also accelerated the exploitation of naturalresources,resulting in a strained relationship between man and nature and triggeringglobal ecological crises,environmental crises and resource crises,such as climatechange and biodiversity loss.People’s attitude toward nature has become controlling,conquering and destroying(Xin&Huang,2013).
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1.2 Significance and Purpose
Building CLMN is of great significance in the context of socialism withChinese characteristics in the new era.Theoretically,this study believes that theconstruction of CLMN should be divided into three levels:nature,man and nature,and man.Based on eco-linguistics,green grammar system is established,the systemnetwork of transitivity and types of agents will be considered as the supplements,soas to enrich the green grammar system and discourse analysis.
Practically,building CLMN helps people further understand President XiJinping’s ecological civilization thoughts,guides the dissemination of ideas fromindividuals to countries and then to the world,and better promotes the construction ofChinese discourse.
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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Studies on Eco-linguistics
Eco-linguistics,as an interdisciplinary discipline,combines linguistics andecology integrating research methods and paradigms of linguistics,biology,sociology,anthropology and other disciplines(Wang,2019).It studies the role of language in thesustainable interactive relationship related with life and focuses on the ecology oflanguage and ecological language(Chen,2014;Haugen,2011).At present,there aremainly two paradigms in the study of eco-linguistics,namely Haugenian approachand Hallidayan approach,which complement each other and promote thedevelopment of eco-linguistics.
Eco-linguistics is generally considered to be proposed by American linguistEinar Haugen in 1970.Haugen realized that the survival state of language can becompared with the survival state of species,therefore he introduced ecology intolanguage system,comparing language to organisms in the ecosystem.Haugencompared the relationship between any given language and its environment to therelationship between a species of plant or animal and its environment(Fill&Muhlhausler,2001).It was Haugen who first proposed“language ecology”,whichregarded eco-linguistics as a metaphor(1972,1979).Language ecology emphasizedlinguistic diversity and kept an eye on the interaction of specific languages withaccording environments(Fill,1998).
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2.2 Studies on Green Grammar
With the emerging environmental problems and the enhancement of people’sawareness of environmental protection,the term“green grammar”has beenintroduced to the study of eco-linguistics.Formally proposed by Goatly(1996),greengrammar in eco-linguistics primarily focuses on the rules of language expression.Unlike traditional grammar,“green”in green grammar is endowed with the idea ofecological protection and environmental preservation.It is given the meaning ofecology and environmental protection(Stibbe,2014),as well as the exploration of“causes and mechanisms that reveal the root of environmental destruction”(Schleppegrell,1997).It underscores that the relationship between man and natureshould be intertwined,along with the integrity of the ecology in language,whichemploys language as a tool to bring benefits to the environment(Wang,2006).Theguiding principle of green grammar aligns with Halliday’s interpretation of therelationship between language and reality,arguing that grammar has influence onhuman experience in reality(Fill&Muhlhausler,2001).As the first researcher whointroduced green grammar in China,Wang believed that green grammar not onlycriticized non-ecological phenomena within the language system from the perspectiveof ecological environment,but also exposed non-ecological features in grammar andthe criticism on concepts such as“anthropocentrism”(2006).
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CHAPTER Ⅲ THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .................................... 17
3.1 Linguistic Framework for EDA: System Network of Transitivity .. 17
3.1.1 Types of Processes .............................. 18
3.1.2 Agency .................................... 20
CHAPTER Ⅳ METHODOLOGY ............................... 28
4.1 Research Questions ......................................... 28
4.2 Data Collection ........................................... 28
4.3 Research Procedures ................................ 30
CHAPTER Ⅴ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................... 32
5.1 General Findings ...................................... 32
5.1.1 What Does CLMN Look Like in Discourse .............................. 36
5.1.2 How is CLMN Construed .................................... 37
CHAPTER V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 General Findings
Table 5.1 depicts the overall frequency and proportion of seven agents in bothnational and international Chinese speeches.In Chinese corpus of national speeches,the percentage of agent-ellipse reaches the highest for 46.30%.On the one hand,itshows the principle of Chinese,a verb-type language or a verb-first language,whichusually ignores subject and object but pays more attention to predicate verb(Zhao&Liu,2015);on the other hand,it presents the speech strategies.The agent-ellipseincludes two aspects:government-ellipse and citizen-ellipse.When the corpus omitsthe government,it can shorten the distance between the government and citizens.When the corpus omits the citizen,it can increase the sense of familiarity togovernment and participation in state affairs.The percentages of agent-group andagent-physical place are 23.04%and 19.75%respectively,which accounts for a largeproportion.The speaker,the president of China,gets more familiar with domesticscenery and daily life.It is easier for the speaker to provide abundant examples ofdomestic environment with Chinese audiences,which will make audiences becomefully integrated into the speech rapidly.
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CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION
6.1 Research Findings
In this study,the construction of CLMN is explored through President Xi’snational and international speeches,utilizing the green grammar system and relevanttheories from systemic functional linguistics.The author selects President Xi’sspeeches related to ecological civilization construction.Through identifying thelinguistic features and investigating the ecological meanings,the concept of buildingCLMN is clearly clarified,and the path and reasons for building CLMN are furtherdiscussed.
Different proportions of a gents and processes help construe CLMN inPresident Xi’s speeches.Regarding nature agents,agent-nonhuman,agent-physicalplace endow nature with rights.The increasing use of these agents indicates thatPresident Xi attaches importance to nature agents.He puts nature agents in importantposition intentionally to raise nature’s status.From man and nature agents perspective,agent-man&nature highlights the equality and harmony between man and nature,and agent-social place provides good examples that man and nature live in harmony.Agent-group,agent-individual and agent-ellipse from man and ellipse agentsemphasize the determination and practical actions of human beings to protect nature.
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