本文是一篇语言学论文，笔者认为《傻瓜期货与期权》是学生投资者学习如何进行交易以及如何在这些不断变化的市场中生存和成功的一本书，这种翻译实践为作者进一步研究金融文本的英汉翻译提供了一个难得的机会，并对文本语言学和博格兰德·安德雷斯勒的七种文本性标准有了更深入的理解。
1.TASK DESCRIPTION
1.1 Introduction to the ST
With the acceleration of globalization and the gradual formation of the global market,the significant role of international futures and options markets is increasingly evident.Nowadays,newly increased traders are driving global demands,and the lucrativeopportunities for money trading are huge.But like all investments,high yields alwayscome with high risks.In an attempt to execute a successful trade,it is very importantfor active traders to consider these ever-changing markets and do adequatepreparation to make a buck.
Futures&Options for Dummies belongs to a financial English text and guidesstudent investors how trading is done and how to survive and succeed in theseunpredictable markets.This translation report is based on the translation of the STfrom Chapter 17 to 22.Filled with nitty-gritties,target readers will learn how tominimize the risks involved and earn the rewards of futures and options trading.Thisapproachable guide gives them the helpful tools needed to understand:trading futuresand options with a plan;striking a balance between two personal balance sheets;practicing strategies in time to avoid unnecessary losses;and how to executesuccessful trades.As a matter of fact,trading is not easier than the new traders think.Therefore,before investors decide to trade,it is of great significance for them to findout if they meet the criteria,both mentally and financially,and this book presentsways to maintain themselves sane and secure.Besides,resourceful websites,commodity exchanges,books,newsletters,and magazines are listed in chapter 22 tohelp student investors discover more reliable information they need to capitalize onthese markets.
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1.2 Introduction to the Author
Joe Duarte is known as a financial market analyst,writer,and an active trader.Hisdaily Market IQ column involving keen and unique insights into volatile markets isvery popular among people in all walks of life.It appears at www.joe-duarte.com andis syndicated throughout the world by Financial Wire.Furthermore,Duarte is theauthor of Successful Energy Sector Investing,Successful Biotech Investing,andcollaborates on After-Hours Trading Made Easy with Roland Burke(Duarte 2006).
On top of that,Duarte has not only published professional books,but alsoappeared on various media platforms such as CNBC,The Financial Sense Newshourwith Jim Puplava radio show,Biz Radio,Wall Street Radio,JagFn,WebFN,KNXradio in Los Angeles,and WOWO radio,where he is single-mindedly devoted tomaking critical comments about energy markets and geopolitics(Duarte 2006).
Duarte has been working on the financial markets since 1990 on One of CNBC’soriginal Market Mavens,and his influential stock columns were shown on principalfinancial Web sites,including Reuter’s e-charts,afterhourtrades.com andMarketMavens.com.
In 1990,Duarte published the market timing newsletter The Wall Street Detectivewhich immediately took up a large slice of the publishing market.Over the next eightyears,this newsletter was highly recommended to investors,futures and optionstraders,business experts,etc.,and proved to be an authoritative electronic publication.
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2.PROCESS DESCRIPTION
2.1 Pre-translation Preparation
Preparation is an indispensable step before translation as ample preparations representa prerequisite for making the TT boast good quality during the process of translation.Thus,the author has spent much time doing a large amount of preparation workincluding reading through the whole ST,poring over several theoretical books,learning about background knowledge,looking for parallel texts and references,etc.
2.1.1 Tools
To better comprehend the ST and ensure a high-quality translation,dictionaries andrelevant websites play a crucial role in translation practice.
语言学论文参考
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2.2 The Process of Translation
Although a lot of preparation has been done,it is still inevitable to bump into somedifficulties in the course of translation.Major difficulties can be encountered asfollows:In the first place,the definitions of text and seven standards of textuality are verybroad and usually appear in different ways in the ST.Accordingly,it is a thorny issuefor the translator to analyze several cases in the ST from the perspective ofacceptability and explore what kinds of translation strategies and skills should beproperly adopted with a view to realizing intentionality,cohesion,coherence,informativity,situationality,and intertextuality in the TT.
语言学论文怎么写
In the second place,the translator has to make some adjustments to translationstrategies and skills in accordance with the style of the ST.During the process ofEnglish-Chinese translation,the author is easy to be influenced by the ST so that thetranslationese cannot be avoided.Provided that the expressions of translation areunbecoming to target languages,it will lose its own readability and target readers mayfind it hard to catch major information.Thus,the translator asks her classmates whohave excellent bilingual language abilities for help so as to make the TT moreacceptable.
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3.CASE ANALYSIS.............................11
3.1 Translation as a Reflection of Intentionality..............................11
3.2 Translation as a Reflection of Cohesion........................12
4.CONCLUSION.............................27
4.1 Major Findings................................27
4.2 Implications.....................................29
3.CASE ANALYSIS
3.1 Translation as a Reflection of Intentionality
For participants,intentionality defines the conditions under which a text producer isprepared to carry out a text activity,while acceptability defines the conditions underwhich a text receiver accepts as a text activity.To achieve acceptability in the aspectof intentionality,the translator should pore over the intention of the ST by adding orchoosing some appropriate words.
Example 1:
ST:Traditionally,intermediate-term trading means that you hold a position forseveral weeks to several months,which ultimately is impractical in the futuresmarkets,where volatility can lead to margin calls and where leverage makes holdingpositions for extended periods extremely dangerous(Duarte 2006:323).
TT:传统上，中期交易意味着持仓数周至数月，这在期货市场基本不现实，因为市场波动可能导致追加保证金通知，而市场杠杆作用令长期持仓极其危险。
Analysis:Intentionality means“the text producer’s attitude that the set ofoccurrences should constitute a cohesive and coherent text instrumental in fulfillingthe producer’s intentions,e.g.to distribute knowledge or to attain a goal specified in aplan”(Beaugrande and Dressler 1981:7).Obviously,the text producer attempts to employ some financial terminologies to communicate the message aboutintermediate-term trading in the futures markets to target readers.The translator,asthe ST receiver and TT producer,should make sure that the intentionality reflected inTT can be the same as that of ST.For this reason,in the course of translation,it is awise choice for the translator to not only maintain the accuracy of financialterminologies but also adopt addition to render the words“volatility”and“leverage”into“市场波动”and“市场杠杆作用”respectively.In addition,the relative adverb“where”should be translated into“因为”in accordance with the logic relations withinthe sentence.By doing this,the intention of the text producer can be fully recognizedby target readers.
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4.CONCLUSION
4.1 Major Findings in the Translation Process
From the perspective of textuality,the translator has produced an acceptabletranslation.This translation has achieved acceptability at the textual level in the fieldsof intentionality,cohesion,coherence,informativity,situationality,and intertextuality.
In terms of intentionality,the translator should convey the intention of the textproducer accurately and effectively to target readers by adding or choosing properwords and phrases.
In terms of cohesion,the source language and the target language generallybelong to two different language systems,so they have different means to achieve thetextual surface response.When translating from English into Chinese,the translatorshould achieve the TT’s cohesion through repetition and omission.
In terms of coherence,due to cultural differences between English and Chinese,the translator should deal with the differences reasonably and make some adjustmentsat syntactic level through the orderly arrangement of information in the TT so that thelogical relationship among sentences in the TT is more suitable for the cognitive modeof target readers.
In terms of informativity,the information density of text should be moderate,nottoo strong or too weak.For target readers,the ST and the TT should maintain thesame information density.However,due to the differences between Chinese andWestern cultures,the information degree of the ST is often inconsistent with that ofthe literal translation.For this reason,the translator should make appropriateadjustments by adopting addition and omission to upgrade or downgrade informationso as to make it more acceptable for target readers.
reference(omitted)