本文一篇英语论文，笔者认为交际语境的顺应主要分为社会适应、心理适应和生理适应。社会世界是指交际参与者应适应的原则和规范，包括社会历史、政治、经济、民俗等因素。
Chapter One Task Description
1.1 Task Background
This interpreting practice is a tour guide interpreting practice conducted by theauthor in the exhibition hall of the National Museum of China—ancient China.Thetarget audience is an Englishman who has worked in Beijing for many years,namedAdam.He is about to leave Beijing due to job transfer.Out of interest in Chinesetraditional culture and intentions to further understand Chinese culture,he chose thenational Expo as the place to visit.Four people were involved in the process of thisguide interpreting,including Adam,Adam’s girlfriend Fiona—a Chinese,the authorand the guide.
英语论文参考
The display of ancient China is the basic exhibition of China’s National Museum.Taking the replacement of dynasties as the clue,the exhibition hall is divided intoeight main historical periods and shows the development of Chinese politics,economy,culture,social life and Sino-foreign exchanges in different historicalperiods.It highlights the continuous development characteristics of Chinesecivilization and the brilliant achievements of the Chinese nation.Therefore,it is thebest choice for foreign tourists to understand Chinese history and culture.In this task,the author accompanied Adam to visit the exhibition hall of ancient China,interpretedthe tour guide words from Chinese to English,and interpreted part of thecommunication between Adam and the tour guide alternately.
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1.2 Interpreting Purposes and Meanings
With the development of globalization,world exchanges are becoming closerand closer.Chinese culture has already set off an upsurge in the world.More andmore foreigners come to China for development.At the same time,they also show astrong interest in Chinese culture.In this context,it also promotes the development of guide interpreting.This also requires interpreters to move with the times.
As a student majoring in English interpreting,the most basic quality is to masterinterpreting skills and apply theoretical knowledge to practice.Practice is the onlycriterion for testing truth and practical opportunity is very valuable to us.The practiceof tour guide interpreting in the National Museum of China,first,can let foreignfriends clearly understand the development of Chinese history,witness the wisdom ofthe ancient Chinese nation,and have a comprehensive understanding of the historicaltruth,such as the Opium War.Second,by accompanying the listener to visit themuseum,this immersive experience can promote cultural exchange and dissemination.Foreign friends can intuitively experience Chinese culture and civilization,and canimmediately respond or ask questions about cultural differences or other problems,which is helpful for their own understanding and indirectly improves the soft powerand international influence of Chinese traditional culture.Third,for interpreters,interpreting Chinese traditional culture requires certain preliminary preparations,including culture loaded words and the knowledge about cultural background andcultural differences.This tour guide interpreting practice has provided the author withvaluable interpreting experience,and the author hopes it can provide some referencevalue to other interpreting learners.
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Chapter Two Process Description
2.1 Pre-task Preparation
Adequate pre-interpreting preparation is the key to the quality of interpretingpractice,especially the interpreting of museum tour guides,which involves a largenumber of culture-loaded words and Chinese culture specific words.Dailyaccumulation is far from enough.Therefore,in order to complete the interpretingpractice with high quality,the interpreter must make preliminary investigation andpreparation.
2.1.1 Searching for Information
Interpreting is not only translating Chinese into English,but also in line withlanguage logic especially tour guide interpreting.Because the interpreting content hasstrong cultural characteristics,coupled with the cultural differences between tourguides and tourists,if the interpreter can not resolve the misunderstanding of bothsides,the effectiveness of interpreting will be greatly reduced.Therefore,interpretersshould make full preparations before interpreting and make use of their knowledgereserve,on-the-spot response ability and strong psychological quality to complete anefficient and accurate interpreting practice in the process of interpreting.
The National Museum of China has a collection of hundreds of thousands ofcultural relics.In order to reduce the burden of interpreting and have a preliminaryunderstanding of the National Museum,the author inquired the backgroundinformation of the National Museum on the Internet,booked tickets online in advance,and visited the ancient China Exhibition Hall in the Museum the day before theinterpreting task.The exhibition hall of ancient China takes the order of dynastyreplacement as the context.It is divided into eight parts:Prehistoric times,Xia,Shangand Western Zhou dynasties,Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,Qin and Han dynasties,Three Kingdoms,Jin,and Southern and Northern dynasties,Sui,Tangand Five dynasties,Liao,Song,Xixia,Jin and Yuan dynasties and Ming and Qingdynasties.2026 pieces of cultural relics are displayed.Each exhibit has correspondingChinese and English name remarks and Chinese explanations.However,due to thelarge number of exhibits,it is unrealistic to write down all the names of the culturalrelic,so the author visited the whole exhibition hall and took photos of the distinctivecultural relics for later sorting.After visiting the whole exhibition hall,the author hasa general understanding of the display of ancient China,including the spatial structureof the exhibition hall,the display theme and sequence,and the characteristics ofcultural relics.After visiting the exhibition hall,the author sorted out the photos of therelics and summarized the entries and relevant information.The author believes thatthese premise preparations can reduce the pressure of the task,enhanceself-confidence and reduce the psychological burden caused by externalenvironmental factors.
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2.2 Interpreting Process
The exhibition hall of ancient China is open in the morning and afternoon everyday.The author communicated with the customers in advance to determine the timeand decided to visit it in the afternoon of July 25,2021.Four people participated inthe whole interpreting process,including the British client Adam and his girlfriendFiona,the author and the guide.The whole exhibition hall is arranged according to theorder of dynasty.As it was in the summer vacation,the number of visitors to theexhibition hall was very large.There were many people gathering in front of eachexhibit,and the environment was relatively noisy.Therefore,the author conducted anote free Chinese-English consecutive interpreting.The whole process was recordedby a recording pen.The whole interpreting process lasted three hours and eightexhibition halls were visited,including Prehistoric times,Xia Shang,and WesternZhou dynasties,Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,Qin and HanDynasties,Three Kingdoms,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,Sui,Tang andFive Dynasties,Liao,Song,Xia,Jin and Yuan dynasties,Ming and Qing Dynasties.The guide explained the exhibits with history,focusing on some distinctive culturalrelics,maps and pictures.
Because there are so many visitors,the environment is noisy.Due to so manyinterference factors,the omission of the interpreting will exist;Besides,because thereare many people in front of each exhibit,sometimes when the guide introduced,thecustomer can’t stand in front of the window and enjoy it completely,so the interpreterneeds to supplement some information to facilitate the customer’s understanding;Inaddition,guide interpreting and consecutive interpreting are a two-way process.Customers will ask about the history they are interested in,which requires theinterpreter to translate English into Chinese;Finally,there are some shortcomingsexisting in the author’s performance,such as redundancy and omission.In the processof interpreting,the interpreter should summarize the information and grasp the mainideas for the audience.
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Chapter Three Theoretical Framework...........................10
3.1 Brief Introduction to the Adaptation Theory..............................10
3.2 Contextual Adaptation Theory................................11
Chapter Four Coping Strategies in Dealing with Intercultural Problems........................15
4.1 Adaptation to the Social World................................15
4.2 Adaptation to the Mental World.......................................22
Conclusion.........................29
Chapter Four Coping Strategies in Dealing withIntercultural Problems
4.1 Adaptation to the Social World
Social world adaptation ranges from the social settings,relations,positions tonationality,religious and so on.Interpreter needs to consider many social factors inthe process of interpreting,because interpreters,listeners and utters have differentsocial backgrounds.In the process of interpreting,there are many different socialoccasions.These complex factors also exist in tour guide interpreting.In addition,theadaptation to the social world is also the adaptation to the cultural context,and theadaptation to a language is also the adaptation to the culture behind it.Therefore,inthe process of interpreting,the interpreter should adapt to the culture behind thelanguage in order to alleviate the cultural differences.
英语论文怎么写
Example 1:
The tour guide:那么这个上面是有一个反映当时古滇国祭祀的场面，在这个亭子里面有一个坐着高高的女人，她就是大祭司，这边有宰杀的牛，是用来祭祀用的，然后那还绑着一个人，也是用来祭祀的。
The interpreter:Well,there is a scene reflecting the ritual ceremony of theancient state Dian.Have you seen a tall woman sit in the pavilion？Yeah，she is thehigh priest.Here are slaughtered cattle,which are used for sacrifice.And the man tiedup here was used for the sacrifice.
Analysis:As an ideology,religious belief plays an important role in humanhistory and has influenced civilization.Religion connects human beings with gods inspecial ways.Chinese people have had the custom of ancestral worship and natureworship since ancient times.They believe that offering sacrifices to heaven andancestors can get the protection from gods.Westerners also have their own religious beliefs,most of which believe in Christianity.However,different religious beliefshave different customs,which will also affect people’s behavior and languageexpression.In the slavery society of ancient China,in order to communicate with thegods and get the protection from the gods,people usually chose to sacrifice withliving people.However,Chinese people and the Western people have differentunderstandings of sacrifice.When translating the guide’s words,the author did nottake into account the differences between China and the west in religious beliefs,sothe listener did not fully understand the guide’s words.After the author’s interpreting,Adam,the listener,was shocked and puzzled and thought it was an act of murder andvery cruel.
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Conclusion
This report is based on the author’s practice of a tour guide interpreting in theNational Museum.The author analyzes the problems existing in the practice from theperspective of context adaptation and put forward some coping strategies in dealingwith these problems.
As one of the most authoritative and comprehensive museums in China,theNational Museum is the best place to show Chinese culture to the world.However,when interpreting culture specific words such as Chinese cultural relics,the authorfeels that it is difficult to achieve complete equivalence.
First,because of the intercultural differences,it is hard for the audience tounderstand the translation completely.As a result,the author analyzes the problemscaused by intercultural differences and put forward some coping tactics.Combinedwith specific examples,this paper expounds how to achieve contextual adaptation inthe process of interpreting,so as to improve the quality of translation.
Second,there are many differences between Chinese and western people,such asthinking mode,culture origin,social custom and religions.All these factors are thereasons of understanding barriers.So the author analyzes these problems,puttingforward some coping strategies in light of context adaptation.
The adaptation of communicative context is mainly divided into socialadaptation,psychological adaptation and physical adaptation.The social world refersto the principles and norms which communication participants shall adapt to,including social history,politics,economy,folk customs and other factors.Themental world includes cognitive and emotional factors such as communicator’spersonality,emotion,desire and intention.And the physical world includes theindication between time and space and the body language of the speakers,such asbody posture,gesture and appearance.Combined with the theory,the author usessome tactics to improve the translation quality such as free interpreting,transliteration,literal interpreting,addition and omission.
reference(omitted)