空巢老人健康及其影响因素研究
摘要
分析国内空巢老人当前的健康情况，探究对空巢老人健康造成影响的因素以及怎样改善空巢老人的健康状况在学术方面有着巨大的价值，同时还有助于有政府老龄工作的科学管理以及政策制定，对于如何解决空巢老人快速增加的问题也存在着重大的现实意义
随着国内经济的迅速发展，社会生活水平和医疗水平获得了不断的发展，老年人的期望寿命亦处于不断增加的状态，同时受到计划生育政策的影响，我国人口年龄结构产生了极大的变化，我国现已迈入老龄化社会，并且老龄化的速度正不断加快。由于生活以及住房条件基本获得满足，并且有数量众多的年亲人选择外出求学和工作，导致国内老年人群体当中出现了一个特殊的群体——空巢老人。受人口老龄化以及老年家庭空巢化的影响，空巢老人的健康情况及其影响因素正逐渐成为当前人类所关注的一个重点。
本文首先回顾总结了国内外相关研究的现况，然后对一些关键词进行了详细的定义，对影响空巢老人健康的各种因素有一定了了解并确定使用“抑郁”作为本文的一项用于表现空巢老人在日常生活中对社会环境的心理适应状态的指标。
本文将以吉林地区空巢老人作为具体的研究对象，使用各种研究工具，对研究对象的生理健康状况和心理健康状况进行了详细的调查，旨在调查吉林地区空巢老人的现状，分析影响空巢老人健康的主要因素，并为调整空巢老人的健康情况以及采取有针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。同时通过单因素分析和多因素分析对影响空巢老人生理健康和心理健康的各种因素进行调查。本研究中所使用的测量工具包括自行设计的一般问卷、SRSS、SCSQ、GDS以及SF-36。
经过对吉林省地区的实证研究发现，影响空巢老人健康的主要因素有：居住地、年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入水平、体育锻炼、睡眠、孤独感、慢性病、日常生活能力、社会支持。基于上述得出的影响空巢老人健康的各种主要因素，本文中提出了一些相关的改善建议：①建立和完善社区养老服务；②建立老年养老机构，改革现行低保制度；③加强慢性病管理；④经常性开展社区健康驾驭，倡导健康的生活方式；⑤开展免费体检和上门服务；⑥提倡子女关爱；⑦老年人自身角度。
本文经由对吉林地区的空巢老人的健康情况以及影响该地区空巢老人健康的因素的调查研究，期望能够为相关的研究提供一定的借鉴。帮助实现政府老龄工作的科学管理以及政策制定，同时该研究对于如何解决空巢老人快速增加的问题也存在着重大的现实意义
关键词：空巢老人；生理健康；心理健康；吉林省
Abstract
Analysis of the current health status of empty nesters in the country, exploring the factors affecting the health of empty nesters and how to improve the health status of empty nesters are of great academic value, and also contribute to the scientific management of government aging work and Policy formulation has great practical significance on how to solve the problem of the rapid increase of empty nesters.
With the rapid development of the domestic economy, the social living standards and medical standards have been continuously developed, and the life expectancy of the elderly is also increasing. At the same time, influenced by the family planning policy, the age structure of China’s population has undergone great changes. China is now entering an aging society, and the pace of aging is accelerating. As living and housing conditions are basically met, and a large number of relatives choose to go out to study and work, a special group of empty nesters has emerged among the domestic elderly. Affected by the aging of the population and the empty nesting of elderly families, the health status of the empty nesters and their influencing factors are gradually becoming a focus of current human concern.
This article first reviews and summarizes the current status of relevant research at home and abroad, and then defines some keywords in detail, and has a certain understanding of various factors affecting the health of empty nesters and determines the use of "depression" as a use of this article. An indicator of the psychological adaptation of the empty nesters to the social environment in their daily lives.
In this paper, the empty nesting elderly in Jilin Province will be used as a specific research object, and various research tools will be used to investigate the physiological health status and mental health status of the research subjects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of empty nesters in Jilin and analyze the impact. The main factors of the health of empty nesters are to provide a scientific basis for adjusting the health of empty nesters and taking targeted interventions. At the same time, the factors affecting the physical health and mental health of the empty nesters were investigated by single factor analysis and multi-factor analysis. The measurement tools used in this study included a self-designed general questionnaire, SRSS, SCSQ, GDS, and SF-36.
After empirical research on the Jilin Province, the main factors affecting the health of empty nesters are: place of residence, age, education level, family monthly income, physical exercise, sleep, loneliness, chronic disease, daily living ability, and social support. Based on the above-mentioned various major factors affecting the health of empty nesters, some related suggestions for improvement are proposed in this paper: 1 establishing and improving community pension services; 2 establishing old-age care institutions, reforming the current low-income system; 3 strengthening chronic disease management ; 4 regularly carry out community health control, advocate a healthy lifestyle; 5 carry out free medical examinations and on-site services; 6 promote children's care; 7 the elderly themselves.
Through the investigation and study of the health status of empty nesters in Jilin and the factors affecting the health of empty nesters in the area, this paper hopes to provide some reference for relevant research. Helping to realize the scientific management and policy formulation of the government's aging work, and the research also has great practical significance on how to solve the problem of the rapid increase of empty nesters.
Key words: empty nest elderly; physical health; mental health; Jilin Province
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 1
1.2 研究现状 2
1.2. 1 国内研究现状 2
1.2.2 国外研究现状 4
1.3 研究目的 5
1.4 关键词定义 5
1.4.1 空巢老人 5
1.4.2 健康 6
第二章 研究对象和方法 8
2.1 研究设计 8
2.2 研究对象 8
2.2.1 纳入标准 9
2.2.2 排除标准 9
2.2.3 样本量的确定 9
2.3 研究方法 9
2.3.1 研究工具 9
2.3.2 资料收集与分析 11
2.3.3 统计工具 12
2.4 质量控制 12
2.4.1 研究设计阶段质量控制 12
2.4.2 调研培训阶段质量控制 12
2.4.3 调研实施阶段质量控制 12
第三章 研究结果 14
3.1 研究对象基本资料 14
3.2 生理健康状况 16
3.2.1 慢性病状况 16
3.2.2 生活自理能力状况 17
3.2.3 生理健康整体状况 17
3.3 心理健康状况 19
3.4 影响空巢老人健康的单因素分析 20
3.4.1 生理健康的单因素分析 20
3.4.2 心理健康的单因素分析 24
3.5 影响空巢老人健康的多因素分析 26
3.5.1 生理健康的多因素分析 27
3.5.2 心理健康的多因素分析 29
第四章 结果讨论 31
4.1 空巢老人的一般状况 31
4.2 空巢老人的健康状况 31
4.3 影响空巢老人健康的因素 33
4.3.1 居住地的影响 33
4.3.2 年龄的影响 34
4.3.3 文化程度的影响 34
4.3.4 家庭月收入水平的影响 35
4.3.5 体育锻炼的影响 35
4.3.6 睡眠的影响 36
4.3.7 孤独感的影响 36
4.3.8 慢性病的影响 37
4.3.9 日常生活能力的影响 38
4.3.10 社会支持的影响 38
4.5 改善空巢老人健康的建议 39
4.5.1 建立和完善社区养老服务 39
4.5.2 建立老年养老机构，改革现行低保制度 40
4.5.3 加强慢性病管理 40
4.5.4 经常性开展社区健康教育，倡导健康的生活方式 40
4.5.5 开展免费体检和上门服务 41
4.5.6 提倡子女关爱 41
4.5.7 老人自身角度 41
第五章 结论 43
参考文献 44