本文是一篇英语论文，本篇报告采用的翻译材料来自某汽车公司的维修手册《C5发动机控制系统》，译文供东南亚、南美、中东、非洲等地经销商维修人员参阅，拥有特定读者群，翻译时还应考虑读者间文化、语言的差异。
2. Project Description
2.1 Project Background
Developing the economy should develop science and technology first. China’s science and technology have advanced quickly in the last 30 years. Its superior technology has not only made Chinese people feel convenient and proud but also has shocked the world. Against this backdrop, sci-tech text translation has substantially influenced the promotion of scientific and technological exchanges.
The translator is an MTIer who is interested in translating sci-tech texts. Luckily, he had an opportunity to work in an auto company as an intern in July 2021, mainly responsible for the C-E translation of the company’s automobile sci-tech texts. Before the formal internship, the translator received two-week vehicle dismantling training (including disassembly and assembly of the engine). This experience made the translator familiar with the vehicle’s basic structure and precisely understood the automobile. After hands-on training, he started to write this translation report. The source text in this report came from the company’s assigned translation task: the C5 Engine Control System. The selected text is about 44 pages with plenty of instructional sentences. This translation project aims to let the specific readership repair the engine correctly.
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2.2 Project Significance
This project aims to assist vehicle maintenance employees in Southeast Asia, South America, the Middle East, and Africa to correctly detect and repair the company’s vehicles to fulfill the communication goal. Under the guidance of Newmark’s Communicative Translation Theory, this translated text was completed. The project mainly focuses on the translation methods of instructional subject-absent sentences featured in the original text. Significance of this project can be concluded as follows:
1. Support dealers’ maintenance employees in Southeast Asia, South America, the Middle East, and Africa (specific readership) in performing precise vehicle maintenance, increasing their productivity, and increasing customer satisfaction with after-sales care.
2. Study the English translation methods of instructional subject-absent sentences, and take Communicative Translation Theory as a guide, look at English translation methods for them in order to improve the translator’s translation skills, then establish a solid direction for future career growth.
3. Provide translation methods of instructional subject-absent sentences in technical texts and give technical translators some references. It will also bring economic benefits to the company and provide feasible ideas for an English translation of automotive texts.
4. Prove that Communication Translation Theory is feasible and instructive for sci-tech text translation and provide a reference for future domestic and international automotive technology exchanges.
5. Promote the advancement of science and technology in China by facilitating technological exchanges.
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3. Translation Process
3.1 Pre-Translation
After receiving the translation task, the textbook has been roughly browsed and familiarized firstly. In scientific and technological translation, the task of absorbing the original text will not be too difficult, because readers only need to work at one level, that is, the level of objective facts and knowledge (Tan, 2004: 28). Getting familiar with the content of this material, the translator marks the unknown automobile words or phrases and consults them before formal translation.
In addition, there are some essential parts before translation, including the analysis of the source text, the preparation of text’s background information, and the familiarity of the translation theory. Firstly, it can be found that the original text is automobile manual text, which is an informative text, thus its translation should conform to the expressions of scientific and technological texts and be oriented to specific readership. Secondly, some translation reference books, automobile English websites, engine parts name list, etc should be read and consulted to learn the source text’s background information. Finally, the Communicative Translation Theory needs to be familiarized before translation.
英语论文参考
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3.2 While Translation
During the translation, there are many difficulties need to be solved. During the two weeks of translation, there were difficulties of various types, such as difficult-to-understand automotive vocabulary. In this scenario, the target text had to be appropriately translated using professional dictionaries or seeking professional assistance. It is also challenging to have enough translation time to complete the daily translation plan when the job department has many tasks to be completed. It is a timing-consuming and challenging thing to consider the wording and syntax of the translation between specific reader groups with different English levels.
3.2.1 Time Schedule
It is not easy to comprehend the professional vocabulary after reading the entire text. In order to solve this difficulty, the translator should first sort out the terminologies that appeared in the original text, use professional automobile dictionaries and Internet resources and ask professional teachers to determine the final expression. Then, he should develop a detailed glossary of professional terminologies, as shown in Appendix III. This glossary ensures the consistency of terminology in the translated text and dramatically increases the speed of translation.
Since the entire translation process is completed during the internship, the working hours might be fully used to complete the daily translation tasks and finish other missions assigned by the Department. Sometimes, it is not easy to ensure a translation volume of 4000 words a day with many other missions. However, the remaining time should be fully utilized for translation during the daily work. Moreover, continue to complete the part that could not be translated after work. In short, strictly follow the translation plan and never postpone today’s task to the next day.
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3. Translation Process.......................................6
3.1 Pre-Translation...............................6
3.1.1 Formulating Translation Plan..................................6
3.1.2 Understanding the Source Text...........................7
4. Communicative Translation Theory....................................14
4.1 Communicative Translation and Semantic Translation.................................14
4.2 Communicative Translation Theory in the Source Text................................16
5. Case Analysis of Instructional Subject-absent Sentences.................................18
5.1 Instruction Subject-absent Sentences in the Source Text..............................18
5.2 Indirect Instructions and Its Translation Methods.........................................19
5. Case Analysis of Instructional Subject-absent Sentences
5.1 Instruction Subject-absent Sentences in the Source Text
英语论文怎么写
Since the reform and opening-up started, the exports of automobiles made in China have surged. Automobile maintenance manuals also needs to be exported with the vehicle to foreign countries, it is an essential reference material to guide auto reparation. During this translation process, it can be discovered that the automotive maintenance manual contains considerable number of instructional subject-absent sentences. The instructional subject-absent sentence is a unique sentence type in the Chinese language. Because some sentences in Chinese do not require a subject to complete the sentence structure, and also do not need a subject to express the meaning. For example, “......从燃油箱中取下... ...不要给油泵通电 ....., ......不允许拆卸蓄电池电缆......”.
Nevertheless, there is a difference between an instructional subject-absent sentence and a Chinese elliptical sentence. The semantics of the elliptical sentence can be known through the context. In contrast, the subject in an instructional subject-absent sentence is not needed at all. The subject in Chinese statements does not have a strict subject-predicate structure, and the subject does not always determine the predicate form. It is not indispensable. The subject, on the other hand, is the central part of a sentence in English. The subject or issuer of the action must be able to match the predicate and follow logic. The action issuer or the subject requires to be able to match with the predicate and conform to logic. It could be said that the subject is indispensable in English sentences.
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6. Conclusion
6.1 Summary
The major purpose of this report is to demonstrate how Communicative Translation Theory can be used to guide the translation of technical textbooks into English. This report focuses on the instructional subject-absent sentences and studies its translation methods under the guidance of Communicative Translation Theory. Instructional subject-absent sentences in the source text could divide instructional subject-absent sentences into instructional subject-absent sentences with direct instruction and instructional subject-absent sentences with indirect instruction. This report analyzes the habits and differences between specific readerships and discusses the translation methods.
Appropriate phrases are selected according to the content of sentence emphasis. According to whether the direct instruction sentence emphasizes a command or a purpose, it can be translated into an imperative sentence or an infinitive. When translating an indirect instruction type sentence, it is necessary to understand the stressing part the author wants to emphasize first, then choose a suitable sentence type for translation. When the author of the source text wants to emphasize the sentence’s object, it can be translated into a passive sentence; when the author wants to emphasize a suggestion, it can be translated as a subject clause, using “it” guided by the main formal statement, and so on. The translation process always focuses on the instructional language’s information function and strives to produce the same effect on the target reader as the original does on the reader. It deepens the understanding of scientific and technical translation to a certain extent.
reference(omitted)