An Overview
1概述
In the international tender offer , there is a "ready for work fee", usually require a separate quotation. The general is not explicitly part of the contents of specific quantities , and require the Contractor according to their construction schedule and estimate the actual construction experience , relatively difficult to measure . Author based on practical experience in respect of the calculation method for a description.在国际投标报价中，有一项为“准备办公费”，一般要求单独报价。该局部内部实质意义普通未明确具体的工程量，而要求承包商依据自个儿的动工安置和实际的动工经验施行估算，相对较难测算。作者依据实际经验就相关的测算办法作。
2 Preparation Fee content2准备工作费的内容
Preparation fee contents vary depending on national ( regional ) habits and engineering content varies , generally include the following: construction of water and electricity ; Daywork costs ( including labor, materials and construction machinery costs mainly ) ; scaffolding fee ; I temporarily facilities fee ; owners, supervision engineers office and living facilities fee ; trial fee ; welfare and safety of workers on-site fee ; staff travel expenses ; routine meteorological statement charges ; scene of the road and into the appearance of road construction and maintenance costs ; harsh climate and environment engineering protection measures fees ; site Security facility fee ; site clean-up fee .准备办公费的内部实质意义因不一样国度(地区)的习性和工程内部实质意义而异，普通涵盖下面所开列内部实质意义：动工用水、电费；计日工花销(含人工、主要材料和动工机械费)；脚手架费；I临时设备费；业主、监理工程师工作室及生存设备费；尝试费；工人在场福利及安全费；职工交通费；平时天气生产进度报表费；在场道路及出进场道路修建和保护费；卑劣气候学背景下工程尽力照顾处理办法费；在场捍卫设备费；在场彻底整理费。
3 preparation fees estimates
In preparation fees estimates total control techniques should be generally about preparation fee of the total price of 10% to 15 %, some up to 25%. The larger proportion of their works is smaller, the smaller the size of the project the greater proportion . These charges listed only a total for each , but in the specific estimates should be calculated separately detailed . Preparatory work often involves the determination of fees construction organization and construction methods , etc., must be carried out specialized analysis .
( A ) construction of water and electricity . If the owners of water, electricity . You can estimate the average daily water consumption , multiplied by the number of days the construction , discretionary increases loss ( 5% to 10% ) and the necessary lines and facilities fees. But in the Middle East and some parts of Africa , especially in water conservancy construction site , a general lack of water, power source, the construction of water would need to consider buying water, water transport and water storage facilities and other expenses ; or consider drilling , pumping , storage facilities and other costs , combined with the construction period , a one-time investment and recurrent costs calculated ( including labor costs ) to determine the charges for construction . Construction of electricity should consider the use of diesel generators , equipment depreciation costs should be calculated ( longer duration may be considered once amortization ) , installation and dismantling freight, daily fuel costs and labor fees.
( 2 ) Daywork fees. In preparation fee , there are often a major labor content required to give the main materials and key construction machinery count date or time costs . Labor and materials prices by consulting with the necessary management costs can be reported , while the mechanical construction period expenses are visible length and bidding strategy needs to take a one-time amortization of depreciation calculations or by the appropriate fee plus regular fee calculation method solution . The contents of the main requirements of the owners to increase as the amount of engineering work content or supplement quote or settlement of the calculation basis . From the perspective of the construction side , the content is a major source of profit , should be overstated .
( 3 ) Scaffolding charge. Scaffolding fee means used throughout the construction process all scaffolding costs, including internal and external scaffolding, concreting , earthworks and water engineering, full house scaffolding, scaffolding and hanging baskets and so simple . Should be determined separately according to drawings scaffolding erection method and frequency , and then calculate the amount of various scaffolding works , the last reference to domestic fixed to make the necessary adjustments ( such as ergonomics , fittings turnaround times ) , which compiled a price analysis, calculate costs fees , the final summary is the full cost of the scaffolding . In addition , if the previous measurement data can also be calculated as a percentage of total project ( such as 0.5 % to 1% ) .
( 4 ) temporary facility fees. Facility fee should not use a certain percentage of the cost of domestic engineering method for calculating the lump sum , but should be based on the total price , duration and specific local circumstances estimates. Commonly used methods are: First, according to the construction organization design and size of the domestic fixed temporary facilities , respectively, determine the production and living room area , according to the location of the project labor, materials and other determine the cost per square meter and the calculated cost of all temporary . In particularly hot or cold climate areas , you should also consider the cost of air-conditioning and heating equipment . Temporary roads, parking lots , with water pipeline construction organization can be calculated the actual amount . Temporary telephone charges are based on the size of the site and the number of calculations required for the introduction of telephone lines, installation, removal charges and other one-time costs and total recurrent costs during construction .
( 5 ) the owners, supervision engineers office and living facilities fee . General engineering specification in the tender documents in a clear area , quality standards and the necessary sanitary equipment , furniture, equipment, etc. , the price quoted may be calculated based on these requirements . In addition, you may be required with service personnel , their full wages during construction should also be included .
( 6) The cost of testing . Laboratory test fee includes construction costs , equipment purchase costs as well as salaries and other expenses of testing personnel . Tender documents for general laboratory building area , standards, and a list of equipment should be configured to have a detailed description , according to the place of purchase price, plus mining pipe costs, transportation costs , installation costs , and into the customs fees, finally, included in the test personnel salaries and office expenses .
( 7 ) welfare and safety of workers on-site fee . These costs are equivalent to the domestic labor protection costs , such as security technology and equipment, the purchase of equipment , amortization and maintenance costs ; given individual workers safekeeping labor protection supplies Acquisitions ; summer cooling costs ; harmful health worker issued health care benefits , nutrition , etc., as well as the workers of medicine, health ( including medical personnel and facilities expenses ) and living facilities for the acquisition, amortization and recurrent costs. According to duration of the work and a certain amount each month calculated ( according to experience, the general African expatriate managers need to live a monthly fee of about 30-50 welfare and safety of U.S. $ ; native workers this cost is very low and can be ignored ) .
( 8 ) Employee travel expenses. Staff travel expenses should be based on actual projects were to be calculated , such as construction sites more focused, should consider alternative transportation costs for the housing subsidy ; such as construction sites scattered, you should consider arranging shuttle bus. Another international community usually provides workers commute daily journey time of less than 1h, the excess time can be classified as working time. The actual execution time to consider beyond the time when the general , because the place can require workers to stay not too far from the site .
( 9 ) the daily weather report fees. The necessary equipment and stationery , paper , other more significant is responsible for the daily cost of full-time staff working report wages expenditure shall consider the length of the entire duration . If the supervising engineer agreed with the local meteorological department , or allowed to buy their statements often provide data , this more convincing , but also can reduce equipment investment in equipment and personnel , reduce project costs.
( 10 ) into the playing field of roads and road construction and maintenance costs . Field road and into the appearance of road construction and maintenance costs , including field region entry and exit roads and go through the public or private road maintenance costs . Field local road construction and maintenance costs should be based on the actual construction organization design calculation ; public road maintenance fee equivalent to the domestic road maintenance ; abroad , some roads are private roads, construction of various types of vehicles must also required to pay a certain repair and maintenance costs, these costs can be based on the number of vehicles , the number of construction period , and local regulations estimates.
( 11 ) works under harsh climatic environment protection fee . With domestic winter rainy season increased construction costs similar to adverse weather conditions should be combined with local , fully taking into account their degree of influence on the construction . This requires the local climate conditions adequate research, be aware of. Often due to the limited time inspection , this cost is difficult to estimate accurately , you can examine its offer after a 3% increase on the basis of a 5%.
( 12 ) on-site protection facilities fee . Site protection facility fee refers to the scene of fences, belts, entrances, guardhouse and night lighting facilities and security personnel costs. According to site general layout and design of such facilities drawings estimated quantity required to conduct a booth fee calculation , excluding the residual value , the last plus security personnel salaries.
( 13 ) site clean-up fee . Means to keep venues clean during construction , and completion of cleanup waste disposal costs , refer to the domestic fixed certain amount per square meter of floor area or a certain percentage of direct costs to be estimated .
4 Conclusion
In estimating the time-consuming preparation , attention should be easily calculated with the individual projects independently duplicative costs , such as workers' safety , health , welfare and other charges in the management of double counting. To this end, should be part of the project to determine the unit price and budget management fee , we must first understand the charges contained in the preparation of content , some costs such as fees included in the preparatory work within the individual projects and part of the project price inside will not have to consider them. Author based on practical work experience preparation fees algorithms are briefly introduced , to discuss with you , hoping in the international tender offer provided for reference. If wrong, please give valuable advice .